Sunday, 4 October 2015

Interpret not interpretate

A common mistake I have found amongst students is the misconception that a noun that ends -ation, e.g. interpretation, has the verb form ending in -ate rather than another stem form e.g. interpretate instead of interpret.

This is to some extent understandable, as many of them do! 

There is no hard and fast rule as to when the verb form ends in -ate and when it doesn't (unless you have a really good knowledge of Latin and understand supine and non-supine elements of grammar - we'll leave that well alone, I think). 

I'm afraid there is no alternative but to learn them. Sorry.


The suffix -ation, -tion, or similar has the following meaning (ref. dictionary.com)

-tion

1.
a suffix occurring in words of Latin origin, used to form abstract nouns from verbs or stems not identical with verbs, whether as expressing action ( revolution; commendation), or a state ( contrition;starvation), or associated meanings ( relation; temptation).
Also, -ation-cion-ion-sion-xion.
Below is a list of some of the most common noun forms that end in -ation, or -tion and their verb stem forms. 

Noun form
Verb stem form
Verb meaning
Association
Associate
to think of one person or thing when you think of another person or thing
Certification
Certify
to say officially that something is true, correct, or genuine
Civilization
Civilize
to cause (a group of people) to have a more highly organized and modern way of living
Confirmation
Confirm
to tell someone that something has definitely happened or is going to happen
Conservation
Conserve
to keep (something) safe from being damaged or destroyed
Continuation
Continue
To keep doing something in the same way as before
Conversation
Converse
Social interaction, usually verbal
Cremation
Cremate
To burn (the body of someone who has died)
Culmination
Culminate
to be the end or final result of (something)
Deprivation
Deprive
to take something away from someone or something : to not allow (someone or something) to have or keep (something)
Documentation
Document
to create a record of (something) through writing, film, photography, etc.
Elevation
Elevate
to increase the level of (something) : to make (something) higher
Fascination
Fascinate
to cause (someone) to be very interested in something or someone
Frustration
Frustrate
to cause (someone) to feel angry, discouraged, or upset because of not being able to do something
Hesitation
Hesitate
to stop briefly before you do something especially because you are nervous or unsure about what to do
Identification
Identify
to show who someone is or what something is
Information
Inform
to give information to (someone)
Innovation
Innovate
to do something in a new way : to have new ideas about how something can be done
Inspiration
Inspire
to make (someone) want to do something : to give (someone) an idea about what to do or create
Interpretation
Interpret
to explain the meaning of (something)
Moderation
Moderate
to make (something) less harsh, strong, or severe or to become less harsh, strong, or severe; to guide a discussion or direct a meeting that involves a group of people
Modification
Modify
to change some parts of (something) while not changing other parts
Multiplication
multiply
mathematics : to add a number to itself a certain number of times; to increase in number by reproducing
Mutation
Mutate
to change into something very different

Nomination
Nominate
to formally choose (someone) as a candidate for a job, position, office, etc.
Notation
Note
to say or write (something)
Perspiration
Perspire
to produce a clear liquid from your skin when you are hot or nervous : sweat
Preparation
Prepare
to make (someone or something) ready for some activity, purpose, use, etc.
Presentation
Present
to formally talk about (something you have written, studied, etc.) to a group of people; to give something to someone in a formal way or in a ceremony
Preservation
Preserve
to keep (something) safe from harm or loss : protect; to keep (something) in its original state or in good condition
Qualification
Qualify
to pass an exam or complete a course of study that is required in order to do something; to have the necessary skill or knowledge to do a particular job or activity : to have the qualifications to do something
Representation
Represent
to act or speak officially for (someone or something); to be an example of (someone or something)
Violation
Violate
to take away, interfere with, or ignore (something, such as a person's rights or privacy) in an unfair or illegal way

N.B I have put the verb meaning(s) which relates to the verb form used, though there may also be alternative definitions.

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